Kartashev A.V. - Ecumenical Councils - VII Ecumenical Council of 787

There is only one icon of Christ – the Eucharist. Of all that is under heaven, there is no other form or image that could depict His incarnation. And so, this is what serves as an icon of His life-giving flesh!

This icon must be prepared with prayer and reverence. What did the All-Wise God want to do with this? There is nothing else but to clearly show and explain to us, people, what He did in the sacrament of economy. Christ deliberately chose bread for the image of His incarnation, which does not represent the likeness of man, so that idolatry would not be introduced."

"But perhaps it is possible to depict what is depicted, i.e. to paint icons of the Mother of God and saints? But since the former is rejected as unnecessary, this is not necessary either. Both Judaism and paganism, i.e. both "sacrifices" and "idols", are alien to Christianity. Thus, if there is nothing alien in the Church (Jewish and pagan), then it is necessary to expel from it the veneration of icons, as alien to it and as an invention of people given over to demons."

Pagan art that has spawned idols is alien to Christianity. "How can one even dare to depict the Orthodox Mother of God by means of low Hellenic art, in whom the fullness of the Godhead is contained and who is higher than the heavens and more glorious than the cherubim? Or again: how are they not ashamed by means of pagan art to depict saints who have to reign with Christ, to become co-throners with Him, to judge the world, and to be likened to the image of His glory, when, as the Scripture says, the whole world was not worthy of them (Hebrews 11:38). In general, art is not befitting the Church, it humiliates it. It is unworthy of Christians, who have received the hope of the resurrection, to use the customs of peoples devoted to idolatry, and to insult with dumb and dead matter the saints who have to shine with such glory." This was followed by references to the prohibition of icons in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments and the Church Fathers. By the way, the lines of Theodotus of Ancyra (V century), which are now unknown to us, were cited. Here they are: "We received instruction not to depict the faces of the saints on icons with material colors, but to imitate their virtues indicated in the Scriptures. Let those who arrange icons say what benefit they have achieved through this, and to what spiritual contemplation they come from such a reminder? Obviously, this is an invention and an invention of an empty trick."

For all these reasons, the iconoclastic council published the following oros:

"And so, having been firmly instructed from the inspired Scriptures and the Fathers, and having also set our feet on the rock of the divine ministry of the Spirit, all of us who have been invested with the dignity of the priesthood, in the name of the Holy Spirit. The Trinity came to one conviction and unanimously determined that any icon made of any substance, as well as painted with paints with the help of the impious art of painters, should be expelled from Christian churches. She is alien to them and deserves contempt."

"Let no man dare to engage in such an impious and unseemly deed. And if anyone from this time presumes to build an icon or worship it, or to place it in a church or in his own house, or to hide it, such a person, if it be a bishop or a presbyter or a deacon, then let him be deposed, and if he is a monk or a layman, then let him be anathematized and be guilty also before the royal laws, for he is an opponent of God's prescriptions and an enemy of the dogmas of the fathers."

But... this is followed by a logically unexpected reservation: "So that none of the primates of the churches dares, under the pretext of removing icons, to lay his hands on things dedicated to God (vessels, clothes, curtains), on which there are icon images (είναι αυτά ενζωδα). Whoever wishes to remake them, let him not dare to do so without the knowledge of the Ecumenical Patriarch and the permission of the emperor, so that the devil does not despise the churches of God under this pretext. And from among the secular authorities and subordinate laity, let no one lay hands on the churches of God and do not take them captive, as happened before from some rioters." Obviously, this had to be stipulated in the presence of extreme secular iconoclasts – secularizers of church property.

In conclusion, there was a detailed anathema on many points:

"If anyone contrives to represent the divine image of God the Word, as incarnate by means of material colors, instead of worshipping Him with all his heart with his mental eyes, who sits above the brightness of the sun at the right hand of God in the highest on the throne of glory, – anathema.

Whoever dares to depict the indescribable essence and hypostasis of the Word in anthropomorphic forms for the sake of His incarnation, and does not want to understand that the Word is indescribable even after His incarnation, is anathema.

Whoever dares to inscribe on an icon the hypostatic union of the two natures and begins to call the depicted Christ and thus confuse the two natures is anathema.

Whoever wants to depict the flesh of Christ, united to the face of the Word of God separated and separated from the Word Himself, is anathema.

The Trinity, anathema to him.