600

C. E. Kerk, ed., Apostolic Ministry: Essays on the History and Doctrine of the Episcopate (1946; second ed. 1957).

601

A. Erhard, Apostolic Succession in the First Two Centuries of the Church, 1953.

602

Ibid., pp.35–61.

603

Compare F. Dvornik "The Idea of Apostleship in Byzantium and the Legend of St. Andrew", 1958, pp.39 et seq. Compare. J. Congar, "The One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church" (Mysterium Salutis 15, 1970), p.196. N. Afanasiev, despite his Eucharistic ecclesiology, failed to assess the indivisibility of the apostolic college in succession and to set forth a point of view that is incompatible with the eschatological image of the Church.

604

The celebration of each episcopal consecration in the context of the event of Pentecost (cf. note 45 above) implies the existence of an eschatological community here and now, with the Twelve as its head. Compare. Acts 1-2, where the event of Pentecost is related to both elements (2.17: the eschatological event; 1.13-23: the undivided college of the Twelve) and, finally, the Eucharist (3.42).

605

This is clearly shown by Irenaeus' use of the term "presbyters" in relation to the bishop (Heres., IV, 26.2). This is to be seen as a revival of the old usage in the West, as may be deduced from I Clement44, I; Peter 5.1, etc.

606

This is the case in the early succession lists as they appear in the Eusebius-Jerome canon. See A. Erhard, op. cit. cit., pp.35 ff.

607

See above. 21. The way in which I interpret and classify the historical evidence with regard to the eschatological pattern of succession implies the following scheme: "James with the elders" Christ with the presbyters" (Apoc.) ="bishop (image of Christ) with presbyters" (Ignatius, "Didaskalia", "Institutions", etc. ="bishop as successor of James" (Eusebius-Jerome succession lists). Clearly, this article is not the place to demonstrate this in detail (this appears in another publication). Suffice it to show here that the eschatological model of the Church of Jerusalem was translated into the Eucharistic structure of each local Church and decisively influenced the idea of apostolic succession. It is very unpleasant that the classical concept of apostolic succession was formulated without taking into account such a course of development.

608

Hippolytus, "Apostolic Pred.", 3 (prayer of consecration of the bishop).

609