Waiting for the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Here he frightens them, reminding them of the second coming of Christ. For if Christ appears, how then do you have alien primates? It also shows that virtues are also necessary for gifts. For in that day gifts will not help him in the least who has not lived virtuously (Matt. 7:21-23), Finally, the word of the appearance expresses the idea that Christ is present even now, but hidden, and then He will appear.

Who will also establish you to the end, that you may be blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.

By the word he confirms that they are wavering, and by the word innocent he expresses that they are now subject to accusation. In this epistle he mentions the Lord Jesus Christ more often than in others, in order to remind the Corinthians by whom they were saved and whose name they bear. For Christians are so called from Christ, and not from the name of any person [5].

Faithful is God, by whom (δι' ου) you have been called into the fellowship of His Son Jesus Christ our Lord.

That is, God is true. But if He is true, and has called us into the fellowship of His Son, that is, to glorify us with the Son in His kingdom, then it is evident that He will fulfill what He has promised. You are called, he says, and did not come of your own accord. How proud you are, as if of your own deeds? Notice here that the word by Whom directly refers to the Father.

I beseech you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Intending to speak to them more strictly, he declares beforehand that he beseeches them by Christ. I, he says, cannot ask you alone, but I take for help the name of the Lord, in whose name you are called Christians, and which you have offended by wishing to be called by the names of men. Let it put you to shame!

So that you all speak the same thing, and there will be no divisions between you.

What do I beseech you for? For all of you to agree and not to be divided. For what is divided, although it would seem that instead of one it becomes many, in reality it is not done by many (for what is the use of a body divided into many parts?): in it unity is lost. Thus, he very emphatically called divisions what happened between them; by this word clearly shows how miserable their condition was.

But that you may be united in one spirit and in one thought.

He said above, that you should all say the same thing. Therefore, lest it should be thought that agreement consists only in words, he adds: in one spirit, that is, I beseech you to agree also in thoughts. But many people think differently about one subject, and differently about another; therefore he added: united in one spirit. Further, many are in agreement in the way of thinking, but differ in the disposition of the will (for example, when we have the same faith, but are not united to each other by love, then, although we think alike, we differ in the disposition of the will). Therefore, having said, "In one spirit," he added, "And in one thought," that is, that they should not disagree either about faith or about the disposition of the will.

For from the household of Chloe it has become known to me concerning you, my brethren.

In order not to be locked up, he brings witnesses, and so that it does not seem that he is inventing them, he calls them, saying: from the household of Chloe (there was a house in Corinth, called Chloe). He also calls them brethren: for though their sin was manifest, there was nothing to prevent them from being called brethren. However, he did not say who exactly had informed him, but pointed to the whole house in general, so as not to arm them against those who had notified.