Ecumenical Councils

Macedonia was summoned to the palace and asked to sign the Henoticon and make a statement about the silence of the councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon in order to remove the suspicion of inciting a revolt. By this he quarreled with Orthodox monasticism. Falling into this trap, Macedonius went to the monastery of Dalmatia and there solemnly testified his allegiance to Chalcedon.

Emperor Anastasius decided to remove Macedonia. A military force was prepared. The entrance to the city was blocked from the monks from outside, especially the Akimites. They prepared slanderous accusations and selected a council (!) of 511 for the deposition of Macedonius. Everything for exile was prepared in advance. The next morning, Macedonius was taken to Euchantes (the northern coast of Asia Minor). They even wanted to raise Severus himself in his place (!). But the chosen one turned out to be Timothy, who was still pleasing to the Monophysites. Timothy began by adding the name of the Patriarch of Alexandria to the diptychs...

But these whims of Anastasia's stubbornness were "the last clouds of a scattered storm." The schism with Rome is outdated, outdated!

The end of the 34-year schism with Rome (484-518).

Macedonia was honored. There was a strong current against Timothy in high society: Olivria, the wife of General Ariovindus (of the royal family from the family of Theodosius), the Empress Ariadne herself, the nephew of the emperor, his wife, and others. By his order, in St. Sofia introduced 4. 11. 512 A.D. Monophysite "Trisagion". Protests rang out. The protesters were thrown into prison by the police. Protests were also heard in other churches. Patriarch Timothy appointed a demonstrative procession with the singing of the Monophysite "Trisagion".

But the crowd was transformed and shouted: "Down with Anastasia, Ariovindus is the emperor!" The statues of Anastasius were overthrown. We gathered at the forum of Constantine. The senators expelled the parliamentarians. They were greeted with a hail of stones. They set fire to the houses. The cunning Anastasius took refuge in Blachernae and waited three days until the rebellion dissipated by various influences.

All this was taken advantage of by the officer of the Danube army Vitalian. He gathered a force of Huns and Bulgarians, and with 60,000 men approached Constantinople (513), demanding the return of Macedonia and the removal of Severus. Anastasius calmed Vitalian through negotiations, but did not keep his word, and the war began. Vitalian, already with the fleet, again approached Constantinople. It was necessary to give him the military commander in all Thrace, the title of magister militum and the promise to convene a council in Heraclia under the presidency of the Pope of Rome. Anastasius convened a council and, no matter how difficult it was for him, offered the pope reconciliation. But the irreconcilable Pope Symmachus had just died in 514, and the new pope, Hormisd, was more accommodating. He sent two bishops-legates, who stayed about a year in Constantinople. The council did not take place, because Anastasius had no fear of Vitalian. Vitalian's troops and fleet were disbanded. Ηο Anastasius feared an open break with Rome. He also wrote to the Roman Senate, explaining his position as Orthodox. Then the pope again sent legates to Constantinople. But Anastasius treated them unfavorably. He did not receive the Roman command.

The end of the breakup.

On July 9, 518, during a terrible thunderstorm, old Anastasius died of heart failure. The Senate proclaimed the prefect of the palace, the cura palatii Justin, emperor. He was an Illyrian, born near Skopje, spoke only spoken Latin and was illiterate. But at the same time, it was taken into account that in his activities he would be inseparable from his nephew, already 35-year-old Justinian, who had received a brilliant education. Both of them cared for Chalcedon, sympathized with Vitalian and the protests of the Pope. Vitalian was exalted. He immediately turned on Severus, promising to cut off his tongue for his speeches. Severus fled and took refuge in Egypt.

In Constantinople, his characteristic reaction in favor of Chalcedon was revealed. Anastasius died on Monday, July 9, and on Sunday, July 15, Patriarch John, entering the Holy Trinity. Sophia, was greeted with stormy exclamations: "To glorify the Council of Chalcedon! To exalt the names of Patriarchs Euthymius, Macedonius, Pope Leo! Send a synodikon (unification letter) to Rome! Condemn Severus!"

"Many years to the Patriarch, many years to the sovereign, many years to Augusta! Out Severa! There Amantia (Senior Chamberlain Anastasius)! You are quite Orthodox. Pronounce anathema on the Sevirians! Proclaim the Council of Chalcedon! What are you afraid of? Justin reigns. If you love the faith, anathematize Severus and proclaim a council! Otherwise, the doors are locked and we won't let you out." "Wait, brethren, let me bow down to the altar," the patriarch answered. "You know my works on Orthodoxy back in the days of my presbyter ministry." But all those present shouted: "Anathema to Severus! Pronounce anathema! We won't let you go. And the anathema was pronounced.

The next day the people again shouted: "Behold the Manichaeans, anathema to Severus! Send a communicative letter to Rome! To establish a feast in honor of Euthymius and Macedonius! The Patriarch said that all this should be done canonically, waiting for the council and the consent of the emperor. But the people shouted: "The doors are locked, write in the diptychs of the fathers of the four ecumenical councils!"

The people began the service by singing the psalm "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for visit and bring deliverance to Thy people." At the end of the psalm, the "Trisagion" was sung without the addition of "crucified for us." The people listened with reverence to the Archangel song. Then the rite of the Liturgy continued. After the exclamation "Doors, doors!" the Symbol of Faith was read. Then everyone began to approach the ambo in strict order, and after the commemoration of the Councils of Nicaea, Constantinople, Ephesus, and Chalcedon, they also heard the names of Archbishops Euthymius, Macedonius, and Leo. The whole mass exclaimed: "Glory to Thee, O Lord!" and fled from the ambo.

To formalize this change, a council was convened in Constantinople under the presidency of the Metropolitan of Heraclius. The minutes of the council were sent to Jerusalem, to Epiphanius, and to the Orthodox Metropolitan Ephraim in Tyre. The Te quickly responded and reported the sympathy of their people for reconciliation with Rome. Positive responses were received from the Syrian Apamea, and even from Antioch. The example of Constantinople liberated the minds and consciences of everywhere except Egypt.