St. John of Damascus

13. Dosphinians: they follow the same customs as the Samaritans, they use circumcision, and the Sabbath, and other statutes, and the Pentateuch, they observe the rule of abstaining from animate things more strictly than others, as in other things, and they spend their lives in unceasing fasts. They also have virginity, but some of them abstain from it; and others believe in the resurrection of the dead, which is alien to the Samaritans.

The Jews have seven heresies.

14. Scribes: they were lawyers and interpreters of the traditions of their elders, and with excessive zeal they observed the rites which they had learned not from the law, but which they recognized for themselves as objects of respect and works of justification according to the law.

15. The Pharisees, in the meaning of the word, are renegades: they lead the highest life and are supposedly more tested than others. They, like the scribes, recognize the resurrection of the dead, the existence of angels and the Holy Spirit. And their life is different; [they observe] for the time being, abstinence and virginity, fasting through the Sabbath, cleansing of jars, dishes and cups, as with the scribes, tithes, first-fruits, unceasing prayers, zealous garments consisting of garments and dalmatics, or garments without sleeves, with the expansion of the storehouses, i.e. stripes of scarlet, crimsons and buttons on the criments of the robe, which served as a sign of the abstinence observed by them until the time of abstinence, They introduced the doctrine of birth and fate.

16. The Sadducees, in the meaning of the name, are the most righteous: the family was descended from the Samaritans, and also from a priest named Zadok; they denied the resurrection of the dead, did not receive either an angel or the Spirit; but in all [the rest] there were Jews.

17. The Imerovaptists: they were Jews in all things, but they asserted that no one would attain eternal life unless he was baptized every day.

18. The Ossinians, which means "the most audacious": they did everything according to the law, but after the law they also used other writings, while most of the later prophets were rejected.

19. Nassaries, in the meaning of the word, are unrestrained: they forbid all eating of meat, they do not eat animate at all. The holy names of the patriarchs in the Pentateuch before Moses and Joshua are used and believed in, I mean Abraham. Isaac, Jacob, and the elders, and Moses himself, Aaron, and Jesus. They teach that the books of the Pentateuch are not the writings of Moses, and they assert that there are others besides these.

20. The Herodians were Jews in all things, but Christ was expected in the person of Herod, and he was honored and given the name of Christ.

Here is the first section, which contains all these twenty heresies; in it is also a reflection on the coming of Christ, and a confession of the truth.

This is what is contained in the second part of the first book, which speaks of thirteen heresies that existed among Christians.

21. Simonians: they received their name from Simon the sorcerer, contemporary with the Apostle Peter, from the village of Githon in Samaria. He was a Samaritan, taking only the name of a Christian. He rejected the resurrection and asserted that the world is not from God, He gave His image, in the form of Zeus, and His companion, a prostitute named Helen, in the form of Athena, to His disciples for worship. He called himself Father to the Samaritans, and Christ to the Jews.

22. The Menandrians: they originated from Simon through a certain Menander, and differed in some ways from the Simonians. They said that the world was created by angels.

23. Sartornilians: they supported the shamelessness of the Simonians in Syria, but in order to strike more, they preach something different from that of the Simonians. They originated from Saturnilus and, like Menander, said that the world was created by angels, but only a family, according to the father's thought.